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[×ÊÔ´] Ô­°æ¸ßÇåÎúPDFÊé English Grammar: a University Course ¸½Á·Ï°´ð°¸[ÒÑËÑË÷,ÎÞÖØ¸´]

contents

1 Basic concepts 1
Module 1 Language and meaning 3
Module 2 Linguistic forms and syntactic functions 9
Module 3 Negation and expansion 21
Exercises 28
2 The skeleton of the message: Introduction to clause
structure 32
Module 4 Syntactic functions and structures of the clause 34
Module 5 Subject and Predicator 42
Module 6 Direct, Indirect and Prepositional Objects 50
Module 7 Subject and Object Complements 64
Module 8 Adjuncts 69
Further reading 76
Exercises 76
3 The development of the message: Complementation
of the verb 81
Introduction: Major complementation patterns and valency 83
Module 9 Intransitive and copular patterns 85
Module10 Transitive patterns 90
Module 11 Complementation by finite clauses 100
Module 12 Complementation by non-finite clauses 108
Summary of complementation patterns 114
Further reading 116
Exercises 116
4 Conceptualising patterns of experience: Processes,
participants, circumstances 120
Module 13 Conceptualising experiences expressed as situation types 122
Module 14 Material processes of doing and happening 128
Module 15 Causative processes 132
Module 16 Processes of transfer 137
Module 17 Conceptualising what we think, perceive and feel 139
Module 18 Relational processes of being and becoming 144
Module 19 Processes of saying, behaving and existing 151
Module 20 Expressing attendant circumstances 155
Module 21 Conceptualising experiences from a different angle:
Nominalisation and grammatical metaphor 160
Further reading 167
Exercises 167
5 Interaction between speaker and hearer: Linking speech
acts and grammar 174
Module 22 Speech acts and clause types 176
Module 23 The declarative and interrogative clause types 180
Module 24 The exclamative and imperative clause types 190
Module 25 Indirect speech acts, clause types and discourse functions 197
Module 26 Questions, clause types and discourse functions 201
Module 27 Directives: getting people to carry out actions 205
Further reading 212
Exercises 213
6 Organising the message: Thematic and information
structures of the clause 220
Module 28 Theme: the point of departure of the message 222
Module 29 The distribution and focus of information 238
Module 30 The interplay of Theme¨CRheme and Given¨CNew 246
Further reading 263
Exercises 263
7 Expanding the message: Clause combinations 270
Module 31 Clause combining 272
Module 32 Types of relationship between clauses 277
Module 33 Elaborating the message 281
Module 34 Extending the message 285
Module 35 Enhancing the message 290
Module 36 Reporting speech and thought 299
Further reading 309
Exercises 309
v i i i CONTENTS
8 Talking about events: The Verbal Group 315
Module 37 Expressing our experience of events 317
Module 38 Basic structures of the Verbal Group 323
Module 39 Organising our experience of events 331
Module 40 The semantics of phrasal verbs 336
Further reading 343
Exercises 343
9 Viewpoints on events: Tense, aspect and modality 350
Module 41 Expressing location in time through the verb: tense 352
Module 42 Past events and present time connected: Present Perfect
and Past Perfect 361
Module 43 Situation types and the Progressive aspect 369
Module 44 Expressing attitudes towards the event: modality 379
Further reading 394
Exercises 394
10 Talking about people and things: The Nominal Group 399
Module 45 Expressing our experience of people and things 401
Module 46 Referring to people and things as definite, indefinite,
generic 417
Module 47 Selecting and particularising the referent: the determiner 423
Module 48 Describing and classifying the referent: the pre-modifier 435
Module 49 Identifying and elaborating the referent: the post-modifier 446
Module 50 Noun complement clauses 457
Further reading 462
Exercises 462
11 Describing persons, things and circumstances: Adjectival
and Adverbial groups 473
Module 51 Adjectives and the adjectival group 475
Module 52 Degrees of comparison and intensification 484
Module 53 Complementation of the adjective 494
Module 54 Adverbs and the adverbial group 502
Module 55 Syntactic functions of adverbs and adverbial groups 508
Module 56 Modification and complementation in the adverbial group 515
Further reading 521
Exercises 521
12 Spatial, temporal and other relationships: The Prepositional
Phrase 529
Module 57 Prepositions and the Prepositional Phrase 531
Module 58 Syntactic functions of the Prepositional Phrase 540
Module 59 Semantic features of the Prepositional Phrase 546
CONTENTS i x
Module 60 Stranded prepositions; discontinuous prepositional phrases 556
Further reading 559
Exercises 559
Answer Key 564
Select Bibliography 591
Index 596
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