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[资源] 再来一本经典书籍----Strengthening mechanisms in crystal plasticity

这本书值得一看,理论概括的较全面,希望对下载的朋友有所帮助!
Synopsis
The strengthening of metals by a variety of means has been of interest over much of history. However, the elucidation of the actual mechanisms involved in the processes of alloying and work hardening, and the related processes of metals as a scientific pursuit, has become possible only through the parallel developments in dislocation theory and in definitive experimental tools of electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The important developments over the past several decades in the mechanistic understanding of the often complex processes of interaction of dislocations with each other, with solute atoms and with precipitates during plastic flow have largely remained scattered in the professional literature. This has made it difficult for students and professionals to have ready access to this subject as a whole. While there are some excellent reviews of certain aspects of the subject, there is presently no single comprehensive coverage available of the central mechanisms and their modelling.

The present book on Strengthening Mechanisms in Crystal Plasticity provides such a coverage in a generally transparent and readily understandable form. It is intended as an advanced text for graduate students in materials science and mechanical engineering. The central processes of strengthening that are presented are modeled by dislocation mechanics in detail and the results are compared extensively with the best available experimental information. The form of the coverage is intended to inspire students or professional practitioners in the field to develop their own models of similar or related phenomena and, finally, engage in more advanced computational simulations, guided by the book.

Biography

Ali S. Argon Quentin Berg Professor, Emeritus Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(Cambridge, Massachusetts)
Degrees:
B.S., Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, (1952);
S.M., Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (1953);
Sc.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (1956).

Honors:
Charles Russ Richards Award of the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) (1976);
Fellow of the American Physical Society (1987);
Member of the National Academy of Engineering (1989);
Nadai Medal of the ASME (1998);
Staudinger Duerer Medal of the ETH (Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule) of Zurich, Switzerland (1999);
Heyn Medal of the DGM (Deutche Gesellschaft fur Materialkunde), (2004);
D.Eng., (h.c); Purdue University, (2005).

Editorial Reviews - Strengthening Mechanisms in Crystal Plasticity
Features -Strengthening Mechanisms in Crystal Plasticity
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
List of Symbols    xv
Structure of Crystalline Solids and the "Defect State"    1
Overview    1
Principal Crystal Structures of Interest    2
Small-Strain Elasticity in Crystals    4
Hooke's Law    4
Orthorhombic Crystals    9
Hexagonal Crystals    9
Cubic Crystals    10
Isotropic Materials    10
Temperature and Strain Dependence of Elastic Response    11
Inelastic Deformation and the Role of Crystal Defects    13
Vacancies and Interstitials    14
Line Properties of Dislocations    17
Topology and Stress Fields of Dislocations    17
Line Energies of Dislocations    20
Planar Faults    22
References    25
Dislocation Stress Fields in a Finite Cylinder    26
Kinematics and Kinetics of Crystal Plasticity    27
Overview    27
Kinematics of Inelastic Deformation    27
Plasticity Resulting from Shear Transformations    27
Plasticity Resulting from Dislocation Glide    29
Lattice Rotations Accompanying Slip    31
Flexure and Motion of Dislocations under Stress    33
Interaction of a Dislocation Line with an External Stress    33
Interaction Energies of Dislocations with Stresses External to Them    35
Interaction of a Dislocation with Free Surfaces and Inhomogeneities    36
Line Tension of a Dislocation    37
Uniformly Moving Dislocations and The Dislocation Mass    39
The Basic Differential Equation for a Moving Dislocation Line    40
The Multiplication of Dislocation Line Length    41
The Mechanical Threshold of Deformation    44
Elements of Thermally Activated Deformation    45
General Principles    45
Principal Activation Parameters for Crystal Plasticity    49
Selection of Slip Systems in Specific Crystal Structures    52
Dislocations in Close-packed Structures    54
Dissociation of Perfect Dislocations in FCC    54
The Thompson Tetrahedron and Other Partial Dislocations    57
The Burgers Vector/Material Displacement Rule    59
Dislocation Reactions and Sessile Locks    60
Plastic Deformation by Shear Transformations    62
Types of Transformation    62
Deformation Twinning    62
Stress-induced Martensitic Transformations    64
Kinking    66
References    68
Overview of Strengthening Mechanisms    70
Introduction    70
The Continuum Plasticity Approach to Strengthening Compared with the Dislocation Mechanics Approach    70
The Lattice Resistance    73
Solid-solution Strengthening    73
Precipitation Strengthening    74
Strengthening by Strain Hardening    76
Phenomena Associated with Strengthening mechanisms    77
References    77
The Lattice Resistance    78
Overview    78
Model of a Dislocation in a Discrete Lattice    78
The Peierls-Nabarro Model of an Edge Dislocation-Updated    78
The Stress to Move the Dislocation    81
Inception of Plastic Deformation    85
HCP and FCC Metals    85
BCC Metals    87
Structure of the Cores of Screw Dislocations in BCC Metals    89
Temperature and Strain Rate Dependence of the Lattice Resistance in BCC Metals    94
The Nature of Thermal Assistance over a Lattice Energy Barrier    94
Lattice Potentials    98
Shapes and Energies of Geometrical Kinks    99
Double-kink Energy in Regime I    101
Double-kink Energy in Regime II    102
The Plastic Strain Rate in BCC Metals    104
The Preexponential Factor and the Net Shear Rate    104
Temperature and Strain Rate Dependence of the Plastic Resistance    106
Comparison of Theory with Experiments on BCC Transition Metals    108
The Lattice Resistance of Silicon    114
Dislocations in Silicon    114
Dislocation Mobility in Silicon    118
Models of the Dislocation Core Structure in Silicon    119
Model of Dislocation Motion    123
Comparison of Models with Experiments    128
The Phonon Drag    132
References    133
Solid-solution Strengthening    136
Overview    136
Forms of Interaction of Solute Atoms with Dislocations in FCC Metals    136
Overview    136
The Size Misfit Interaction    137
The Modulus Misfit Interaction    139
Combined Size and Modulus Misfit Interactions    141
Forms of Sampling of the Solute Field by a Dislocation in an FCC Metal    145
The Solid-solution Resistance of FCC Alloys    149
The Athermal Resistance    149
Thermally Assisted Advance of a Dislocation in a Field of Solute Atoms in an FCC Metal    151
Comparison of Solid-solution-strengthening Models for FCC Metals with Experiments    153
Overview of Experimental Information    153
Peak Solute Interaction Forces    155
Dependence of Flow Stress on Solute Concentration    156
Comparison of Temperature Dependence of CRSS between Experiments and Theoretical Models    157
Summary of Solid-solution Strengthening of FCC Alloys    159
The "Stress Equivalence" of the Solid-solution Resistance of FCC Alloys    159
The Plateau Resistance    163
Solid-solution Strengthening of BCC Metals by Substitutional Solute Atoms    163
Overview of Phenomena    163
Experimental Manifestations of BCC Solid-solution Alloy Systems    165
Interactions of Solute Atoms with Screw Dislocations in BCC Metals    166
Overview of Model of Interaction of Solute Atoms with Screw Dislocation Cores    166
Interaction of Solute Atoms with Screw Dislocation Cores    168
Binding Potential of Solutes to Screw Dislocation Cores    170
The Shear Resistance    172
The Athermal Resistance at the Plateau    172
Resistance Governed by Kink Mobility    173
Double-kink-nucleation-controlled Resistance    177
Combination of Resistances    180
The Strain Rate Dependence of the Flow Stress in the Plateau Range    181
Comparison of Model Results with Experiments    184
The Athermal Resistance at the Plateau    184
Kink-mobility-controlled Plastic Resistance    185
Double-kink-nucleation-controlled Resistance    187
Strain Rate Dependence of the Flow Stress in the Plateau Region, and Activation Volumes    189
References    191
Precipitation Strengthening    193
Overview    193
Formation of Second Phases in the Form of Precipitate Particles, Heterogeneous Domains, or other Lattice Defect Clusters    194
Discrete Precipitates    194
Spinodal-decomposition Domains    198
Defect Clusters and Nanovoids    199
Sampling of Precipitates by Dislocations    200
Precipitate Shapes and Sizes    200
Two Forms of Interaction of Precipitates with Dislocations    201
Statistics of Sampling Random Point Obstacles in a Plane    202
Sampling Point Obstacles of Different Kinds    207
Sampling Obstacles of Finite Width    208
Precipitate Growth, Peak Aging, and Overaging    212
Thermally Assisted Motion of Dislocations through a Field of Penetrable Obstacles    213
Specific Mechanisms of Precipitation Strengthening    219
Overview    219
Chemical Strengthening, or Resistance to Interface Step Production in Shearing    220
Stacking-fault Strengthening    223
Atomic-order Strengthening    235
Size Misfit Strengthening (Coherency Strengthening)    247
Modulus Misfit Strengthening    256
The Orowan Resistance and Dispersion Strengthening    264
Strengthening by Spinodal-decomposition Microstructures    267
Precipitate-like Obstacles    271
References    279
Strain Hardening    283
Overview    283
Features of Deformation    284
Active Slip Systems in FCC Metals    284
Stress-Strain Curves    286
Slip Distributions    292
Dislocation Microstructures    294
Strain-hardening Models    306
Overview    306
Dislocation Intersections    307
Stage I Strain Hardening    312
Stage II Strain Hardening    317
Ingredients of Stage III Hardening    320
Components of Strain Hardening in Stage III    325
Recovery Processes in Stage III    330
Total Strain-hardening Rate in Stage III    334
Strain Hardening in Stage IV    336
Stage V Deformation with No Strain Hardening    340
Strain Hardening in Other Crystal Structures    340
References    340
Deformation Instabilities, Polycrystals, Flow in Metals with Nanostructure, Superposition of Strengthening Mechanisms, and Transition to Continuum Plasticity    344
Overview    344
Yield Phenomena    345
Balance between the Interplane and the Intraplane Resistances and the Mobile Dislocation Density    349
The Portevin-Le Chatelier Effect and Jerky Flow    351
Dynamic Overshoot at Low Temperatures    355
Plastic Deformation in Polycrystals    358
Plastic Resistance of Polycrystals    358
Evolution of Deformation Textures    360
Plastic Deformation in the Presence of Heterogeneities    364
Geometrically Necessary Dislocations    364
Rise in Flow Stress and Enhanced Strain-hardening-rate Effects of Geometrically Necessary Dislocations    364
Grain Boundary Strengthening    370
Plasticity in Metals with Nanoscale Microstructure    376
Superposition of Deformation Resistances    382
The Bauschinger Effect    386
Phenomenological Continuum Plasticity    388
Conditions of Plastic Flow in the Mathematical Theory of Plasticity    388
Transition from Dislocation Mechanics to Continuum Mechanics    389
References    391
Author Index    394
Subject Index    399

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2012-07-03 16:45:59, 4.97 M

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