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【真题资源】2012年职称英语考试理工类B级真题与答案
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2012年职称英语考试理工类B级真题与答案  第2部分 阅读判断 Eastern Quakes Can Trigger Big Shakes In the first week of November 2011,people in central Oklahoma experienced more than two dozen earthquakes. The largest, a magnitude（量）5.6 quake, shook thousands of fans in a college football stadium, caused cracks in a few buildings and scared many people who had never felt a quake before. Oklahoma is not an area of the country famous for its quakes. If you watch the news on TV, you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters. But the most dangerous type of natural disaster, and also the most unpredictable, is the earthquake. Researchers at the US Geological Survey（USGS）estimate that several million earthquakes occur globally each year. That may sound scary, but people don’t feel many of them because they happen in remote and unpopulated regions. Many quakes happen under the ocean, and others have a very small magnitude. Scientists know about small, remote quakes only because of very sensitive electronic devices called seismometers（地震仪）. These devices detect and measure the size of ground vibrations（震颤）produced by earthquakes. Altogether, USGS researchers use seismometers to identify and locate about 20000 earthquakes each year. Although earthquakes can happen anywhere in the world, really big quakes occur only in certain areas. The largest ones register a magnitude 8 or higher and happen, on average, only once each year. Such big ones typically occur along the edges of Earth’s tectonic plates（构造板块）. Thctonic plates are huge pieces of Earth’s crust（外壳）, sometimes many kilometers thick. Often, edges of these plates temporarily lock together. When plates push and scrape（擦）past each other earthquakes occur. www.123zcyy.com On average, tectonic plates move very slowly--bout the same speed as your fingernails grow. But sometimes earthquakes rumble（轰轰作响）through portions of the landscape far from a plate’s edges. Although less expected, these “mid-plate” small earthquakes can be stantial damage. Some of the biggest known examples hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago. Today, scientists are still puzzling over why the quakes occurred and when similar ones might occur. 16. Oklahoma is an area often experiencing natural disasters. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. The earthquake is the most unpredictable natural disaster. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Few earthquakes happen without people’s awareness. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. Seismometers can identify and locate most of the earthquakes in China. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. Big earthquakes of a magnitude 8 or higher seldom happen far from the edges of tectonic plates. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. Whenever tectonic plates move, earthquakes happen. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. The earthquake that hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago is the biggest”mid-plate” one in history. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned 第3部分 Learn about Noble Gases（惰性气体） 1 Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called hellum（氦）. Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, people shifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases. 2 People once belleved that noble gases couldn’t chemically react at all. For this reason, they were called inert gases（惰性气体）. They were also listed under Group 0 in the old periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence（价）electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered. 3 The gases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular（分子的）weight while Radon is the heaviest. 4 Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is “unfilled” or the required number of electrons is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be a few noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases. 5 because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance, liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets（磁体）. These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects that a person’s brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, without operating on the patient.[ Last edited by ANDPing on 2012-4-19 at 20:53 ] |
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