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老海龟

专家顾问 (知名作家)

[资源] 如何找在德国做博士、博后的位置

3月20号之后，今年的公派出国就暂时告一段落；是否仍然会有少数名额的第二轮，我们都需要拭目以待。不论是因为个人条件不能申请公派出国、或者错过了今年公派甚至因为技术原因被淘汰的虫友都需要为自己的下一步发展另做谋划。
我这里还是继续向各位热情推荐德国：原因很简单，德、英、法、日是美国之外的科研强国，相比之下，德国的国际化程度更高、科研条件更有保障而且也是博士生培养人数最多的地方。而且在德国生活不需要象法国和日本还要会当地语言。
有个很好的介绍德国科研情况的网站：
http://www.research-in-germany.de/52/home.html
它上面也经常发布博士、博士后的招人信息，那都是拿到课题的教授需要助手去完成学术任务。
其次，一些同学在联系德国高校做博士、博士后时屡屡失败，是因为他们不了解德国的高校隶属所在州，是地方单位，所以只有拿到自然科学基金项目的教授才有课题可以招人，而招人时又往往已经直接从自己研究生之中早早物色好了合适的对象。所以，一个重要的技巧是应该看到科研资金雄厚、而学生来源渠道相对狭窄的单位：国立科研机构！
德国有四家著名的国家级科研单位：马普学会、亥姆霍兹联合会、弗劳恩霍夫协会以及莱布尼茨联合会。对于他们而言，招学生的人头费有没有可以是个问题，但科研经费却总是有充分保障的。尤其是前两家马普学会和亥姆霍兹联合会，他们经常有公开的网上招聘通知：
http://www.mpg.de/cms/115824?name=JobBoard&page=1
http://www.helmholtz.de/en/worki ... omotion_phd_theses/
此外，他们还有专门要求录取半数学生为海外学生的国际博士生学院：
下面是马普的61个专题博士生学院：
Graduate School of Neural & Behavioural Sciences
IMPRS "From Molecules to Organisms"
IMPRS "The Exploration of Ecological Interactions with Molecular and Chemical Techniques"
IMPRS for Advanced Materials: From Microscopic Understanding to Functionality
IMPRS for Analysis, Design and Optimization in Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering
IMPRS for Astronomy and Astrophysics
IMPRS for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the University of Heidelberg
IMPRS for Astrophysics
IMPRS for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
IMPRS for Comparative Criminal Law
IMPRS for Comparative Legal History
IMPRS for Competition and Innovation - Legal and Economic Determinants (IMPRS-CI)
IMPRS for Complex Surfaces in Material Science
IMPRS for Computational Biology and Scientific Computing
IMPRS for Computer Science
IMPRS for Demography
IMPRS for Dynamical Processes in Atoms, Molecules and Solids
IMPRS for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology
IMPRS for Evolutionary Biology
IMPRS for Geometric Analysis, Gravitation and String Theory
IMPRS for Global Biogeochemical Cycles
IMPRS for Heart and Lung Research (IMPRS-HLR)
IMPRS for Infectious Diseases and Immunology
IMPRS for Language Sciences
IMPRS for Marine Microbiology
IMPRS for Maritime Affairs
IMPRS for Moduli Spaces
IMPRS for Molecular and Cellular Biology
IMPRS for Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences: From Biology to Medicine
IMPRS for Molecular Biology
IMPRS for Molecular Biomedicine
IMPRS for Molecular Cell Biology and Bioengineering
IMPRS for Neural Circuits
IMPRS for Neurosciences
IMPRS for Optics and Imaging
IMPRS for Organismal Biology
IMPRS for Physics of Biological and Complex Systems
IMPRS for Polymer Materials Science
IMPRS for Precision Tests of Fundamental Symmetries
IMPRS for Quantum Dynamics in Physics, Chemistry and Biology
IMPRS for Science and Technology of Nanostructures
IMPRS for Structure and Function of Biological Membranes
IMPRS for Surface and Interface Engineering in Advanced Materials
IMPRS for the Life Course: Evolutionary and Ontogenetic Dynamics
IMPRS for Ultrafast Imaging and Structural Dynamics
IMPRS in Chemical Biology
IMPRS Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften
IMPRS on Adapting Behavior in a Fundamentally Uncertain World
IMPRS on Advanced Photon Science
IMPRS on Biomimetic Systems
IMPRS on Earth System Modelling
IMPRS on Elementary Particle Physics
IMPRS on Gravitational Wave Astronomy
IMPRS on Neuroscience of Communication: Funktion, Structure and Plasticity (IMPRS NeuroCom)
IMPRS on Physical Processes in the Solar System and Beyond
IMPRS on Retaliation, Mediation and Punishment
IMPRS on Successful Dispute Resolution in International Law
IMPRS on the Social and Political Constitution of the Economy (IMPRS-SPCE)
IMPRS Primary Metabolism and Plant Growth
IMPRS: Molecular Basis of Plant Development and Environmental Interaction
The Leipzig School of Human Origins (IMPRS)

而欧洲最大的从事前瞻性应用基础研究的亥姆霍兹体系的博士生学院则有：
Helmholtz Graduate Schools funded thus far:
Helmholtz Graduate School Molecular Cell Biology
Helmholtz International Graduate School of Cancer Research
Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Graduate School for Environmental Research
Helmholtz Graduate School for Climate and Environment (KIT-GRACE)
Helmholtz Graduate School for Polar and Marine Research
Helmholtz Graduate School for Hadron and Ion Research
Helmholtz Graduate School for Infection Research
Helmholtz Graduate School for Environmental Health - Helena
International Helmholtz Graduate School for Plasma Physics (HEPP)
Helmholtz Research School on Security Technologies
Helmholtz International Research School for Infection Biology
International Helmholtz Research School on Biophysics and Soft Matter
Helmholtz International Research School Molecular Neurobiology
Helmholtz Research School for Quark Matter Studies in Heavy Ion Collisions
Helmholtz Research School on Earth System Science
Helmholtz International Research School in Translational Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine
Helmholtz Space Life Sciences Research School
Helmholtz Research School for Explorative Simulation in Earth Siences (GeoSim)
Helmholtz Research School Lung Biology and Disease
Helmholtz Research School Energy-related Catalysis
Helmholtz Research School on Mechanisms and Interactions of Climate Change in Mountain Regions (MICMoR)
应该说对于这两家的团队负责人来说，他们永远都不会觉得接收好学生是个麻烦。当然如果本人实力不济，不能跟国际上的优秀学生竞争，就需要考虑公派的CSC奖学金项目了，因为这边已经有了生活费，而那边支撑科研经费不是问题。

德国弗劳恩霍夫联合会是从事应用技术开发的欧洲最大科研机构，下面是他们的招人网址：http://www.fraunhofer.de/en/jobs-career.html 但他们的一些老板可能会不太愿意招中国学生，因为他们跟企业的合作很密切，有些人担心技术的流失。

德国的莱布尼茨联合会下面有86个松散的研究所，基础研究为主，研究水平也很高。http://www.wgl.de/?nid=era&nidap=&print=0
但是除了老板因得到课题而有临时的用人计划之外，他们只有一个跟DAAD的合作招生项目：http://www.daad.de/deutschland/f ... ungen/16753.de.html

当然，德国学术交流中心DAAD的网页也是汇集了许多信息的地方，值得人们经常上去浏览一下，有些奇奇怪怪的奖学金项目是你我根本想不到的。www.daad.org.cn

最后还是那句话：虽然一切靠实力说话，但毕竟有志者事竟成！

[ Last edited by 老海龟 on 2012-3-29 at 12:54 ]

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