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cg753(金币+8, 基金HEPI+1): ★★★★★最佳答案 2012-01-26 12:52:59
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申请书摘要 褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens (St?l)是我国水稻生产上的主要害虫，化学杀虫剂是防治褐飞虱的主要手段，近年来我国褐飞虱频繁大发生的主要原因之一是褐飞虱对新烟碱类杀虫剂- - 吡虫啉产生高度抗药性。因此，延缓和治理褐飞虱的抗药性是我国水稻生产中急需解决的重要课题。本项目拟从杀虫剂-褐飞虱/共生菌-抗药性之间的关系入手，应用昆虫生理生态学、昆虫毒理学、微生物学和分子生物学的研究方法，研究新烟碱类杀虫剂（吡虫啉）胁迫下褐飞虱体内共生菌种群变化、共生菌对吡虫啉的营养/解毒功能及其生理生化和分子机理，阐明共生菌在褐飞虱对吡虫啉快速产生高水平抗性中的作用及其机制，进一步揭示共生菌在害虫对杀虫剂逆境胁迫的适应和抵御中的作用及其分子机制，为合理解释褐飞虱对新烟碱类杀虫剂产生抗药性的机理以及预防和治理褐飞虱的抗药性提供理论依据，具有重要的科学理论意义和生产实际价值。 申请书主题词 褐飞虱；共生菌；新烟碱类杀虫剂；抗药性 结题中文摘要 本项目从杀虫剂-褐飞虱/共生菌-抗药性之间的关系入手，应用昆虫生理生态学、昆虫毒理学、微生物学和分子生物学的研究方法，研究了新烟碱类杀虫剂（吡虫啉）胁迫下褐飞虱体内共生菌的种群结构和数量变化，明确了抗感吡虫啉褐飞虱种群体内类酵母共生菌的优势种和数量差异。比较研究了正常和缺失共生菌褐飞虱体内共生菌数量、营养物质含量、抗药性水平和解毒酶活性的变化，明确了褐飞虱体内共生菌数量变化与其解毒酶活性和抗药性水平有关。通过测定不同抗药性共生菌对吡虫啉的降解作用和体内解毒酶、尿酸酶的活性变化，明确了抗吡虫啉共生菌具有降解吡虫啉的能力以及共生菌羧酸酯酶、多功能氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、细胞色素P450、尿酸酶等活性的提高与褐飞虱抗吡虫啉有关。进一步克隆了共生菌中吡虫啉解毒相关基因。阐明了共生菌在褐飞虱对吡虫啉产生抗性中的解毒功能及其生理生化机理，揭示了共生菌在害虫对杀虫剂胁迫的适应和抵御中的作用，为合理解释褐飞虱对新烟碱类杀虫剂产生抗药性的机理以及预防和治理褐飞虱的抗药性提供理论依据。 结题英文摘要 Based on relationship between insecticide and brown planthopper (BPH) or endosymbiote and insecticide-resistant, using the methods of Insect Physiological Ecology, Insect Toxicology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, the project had studied the change of BPH yeast-like symbiotes (YLS) population structure and numbers, and found some differences in dominant species and numbers of YLS in imidacloprid-resistant and -susceptible BPH populations. The change of YLS numbers，nutrients content, imidacloprid-resistance level and detoxification enzymes activity in body of symbiotic and aposymbiotic BPH were investigated, YLS numbers in BPH was related to its activities of detoxification enzymes and resistance level. By studying the degradation of imidacloprid - resistant and - susceptible symbiotes to imidacloprid and change of its activities of detoxification enzymes and uricase, it is proved that imidacloprid-resistant symbiotes had degradation ability of imidacloprid, increase of activities of carboxylesterase (CarE), mixed function oxidase (MFO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytochrome P450 and uricase had related with resistance of BPH to imidacloprid. Relative gene with imidacloprid - detoxification in YLS was further cloned. Detoxification function role of YLS in production of high-level resistance of BPH to imidacloprid and its physiological and biochemical mechanism were clarified. Adaptation and molecular mechanism of YLS in insect pests to insecticide stress were revealed. The research results will provide the theoretical foundation for reasonable explanation of resistant mechanism of BPH to neonicotinoid, and for prevention and management of BPH resistance. |
2楼2012-01-26 08:49:04