For ZrO2 based ceramics, direct indentation method is recommended. You can check the ref, but only for toughed ZrO2.
For SENB, the issue is whether a suitable pre-crack existed. You can make a crack by a sharp saw, however, you could not guarantee there is a flaw on the tip of the crack. For some standard, it regulates that a small force should be applied on the sample after making the crack, and an acoustic emission signal should be detected to guarantee the real flaw formation.
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