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yexuqing木虫之王 (文学泰斗)
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《自然》社论：勿过高期待石墨烯 已有36人参与
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《自然》社论：勿过高期待石墨烯 目前应用优势还未凸显；长足发展仍需时间 5月26日出版的《自然》杂志刊登社论——《长期游戏》（The long game），认为应该理性、全面地看待石墨烯这种新型材料的现状和前景。以下为文章主要内容： 一个科学领域能否瞬间发展起来？有可能，比如石墨烯研究，其成为“神奇材料”所用时间比一篇论文发表所需时间还要短。尽管石墨烯显著性能的应用开发工作还在继续，但如何实现石墨烯的物尽其用，仍需要完善。 在本月初举行的一个石墨烯相关会议上，许多科学家表示不应该对石墨烯持有过高期望。纵然石墨烯具有一些让人印象深刻的性能，其诱人前景无可否认，但也只能说石墨烯有着很大“潜能”，与许多现存材料的实际应用相比，目前的石墨烯还未展现其优势，石墨烯设备的制造和设计也仍存在许多困难。 不过，这并不代表石墨烯研究一定是令人沮丧的，这个领域依然充满着活力，优异的性能让石墨烯在材料中脱颖而出，如若应用得当，石墨烯产生的影响将会是巨大的。想在石墨烯研究领域获得“一夜成功”，需要的是时间的积累。（科学网 张笑/编译） |
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nofrunolif
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yexuqing
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Nature | Editorial Next article The long game Journal name: Nature Volume: 473, Page: 419 Date published: (26 May 2011) DOI: doi:10.1038/473419a Published online 25 May 2011 Graphene is not a miracle material, just a very promising one. It will take restraint and sustained interest to deliver its potential. Subject terms:Materials science Conferences and meetings Research community Article tools日本語要約 Download PDF Download citation Order reprints Rights and permissions Share/bookmarkConnotea Cite U Like Facebook Twitter Delicious Digg Is it possible for a field of science to move too fast? Perhaps. Those who work on the form of carbon known as graphene have seen it rocket from the next big thing to a miracle material in less time than it can take for a research paper to be accepted and published. Yet although the hunt is on for applications that can exploit graphene's remarkable properties, the work necessary to find out how it could best be harnessed remains incomplete. This is one reason why many scientists who attended a meeting on the subject earlier this month were cautious about raising expectations too high. 'Graphene: The Road to Applications' was held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on 11–13 May, and was hosted by Nature Publishing Group. As with most 'overnight' success stories, the field of graphene research actually had a very slow start. Physicists have long been fascinated by this one-atom-thick planar crystal of carbon atoms, but until a few years ago most considered it a hypothetical system, useful for studying fundamental properties of matter but not able to exist in free form. It took a steady build-up of theoretical work and pioneering experiments over several decades before the research storm broke when it became possible to isolate graphene sheets in a laboratory. The material certainly has an impressive set of properties. And there is no denying its tantalizing promise. As a thin membrane — flexible, strong and impermeable — graphene is an attractive platform on which to build devices. Add to that its high electron mobility and excellent optical and thermal properties, and the potential for applications seems endless. But the key word here is potential. The reality is that for many of graphene's widely promoted applications, it currently performs no better than existing materials and conventional approaches. For example, graphene performs relatively poorly as a transparent conductor in conventional displays, touch screens and photovoltaic cells. Neither is it a serious contender to replace silicon in standard electronics, because it does not work well as a digital switch, the essential function of a silicon transistor. This should not necessarily be discouraging; the field is still very young. Those who talk up the potential of graphene's applications should remember that it typically takes any technology some 20 years to emerge from the lab and be commercialized — and even then it can succeed only with sustained effort and interest from researchers, industry and funding agencies (see Nature 469, 14–16; 2011). “It typically takes any technology some 20 years to emerge from the lab and be commercialized.” It is crucial to identify and acknowledge practical hurdles — and when it comes to fabricating and designing graphene devices, there are many. As was stressed many times at the Cambridge meeting, the single biggest obstacle is the lack of a way to reliably produce high-quality graphene sheets in large quantities. The quality and structure of the sheets can differ from batch to batch, which can make devices behave inconsistently. Furthermore, although the pristine form of graphene has high electron mobility, meaning that devices based on it have the potential to run at high speeds, this changes dramatically when it interacts with its environment, as it does when attached to a substrate. The material will be valuable only if it can perform reliably when put to work. Graphene stands out from other materials for its combination of superlative properties. In the right application, it could have an enormous impact. For example, although graphene does not perform well in digital electronics, there is much interest in using it to make high-frequency transistors for analogue applications — where it could be truly useful in wireless communication. Another important, if low-profile, role for graphene could be as a passive layer for heat management in electronic devices. Such targeting of graphene's potential will be vital to its success. A few carefully chosen driver applications, although possibly not as obvious or exciting as some of the uses currently flagged, would give research on the material a better chance of holding on to wide interest in the long term — especially from funding agencies. Overnight success takes time to build. Additional dataJournal home Current issue For authors Subscribe E-alert sign up RSS feed Science jobs from nature jobs Bioinformatician (Functional Genomics Production) European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) Cambridge, United Kingdom Director, National Institute of Immunology (NII) National Institute of Immunology (NII) Delhi, New Delhi, India Postdoctoral Research Scientist Position Columbia University New York, NY Post a free job More science jobs Open innovation challenges Beneficial Uses for Industrial Quantities of Hydrochloric Acid Deadline: Jun 04 2011 Reward: $20,000 USD The Seeker desires suggestions for novel methods for beneficial use of industrial-scale quantities… Improved Synthesis of a Nucleoside Analogue Deadline: Jun 08 2011 Reward: $50,000 USD The Seeker desires an improved synthesis of a specific nucleoside analogue. Specific details are p… Powered by: More challenges Top content EmailedMolecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis Nature 18 May 2011 Role of the ubiquitin-like protein Hub1 in splice-site usage and alternative splicing Nature 25 May 2011 Immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells Nature 13 May 2011 A 2020 vision for vaccines against HIV, tuberculosis and malaria Nature 25 May 2011 Modelling schizophrenia using human induced pluripotent stem cells Nature 13 Apr 2011 View all DownloadedImproved measurement of the shape of the electron Nature 25 May 2011 Global quantification of mammalian gene expression control Nature 18 May 2011 There's a time to be critical Nature 18 May 2011 Immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells Nature 13 May 2011 Unbound or distant planetary mass population detected by gravitational microlensing Nature 18 May 2011 View all BloggedA diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response Nature 10 Apr 2011 Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore Nature 24 Jul 2003 Species–area relationships always overestimate extinction rates from habitat loss Nature 18 May 2011 Unbound or distant planetary mass population detected by gravitational microlensing Nature 18 May 2011 Unbound or distant planetary mass population detected by gravitational microlensing Nature 18 May 2011 View all |
2楼2011-05-30 17:34:28
robinsonguo
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3楼2011-05-30 17:40:28
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4楼2011-05-30 18:23:23