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【资源】美国基础能源研究报告：Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs 已有6人参与
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分享 This report is based upon a BES-cosponsored National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) Workshop held March 16–18, 2004, by the Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology (NSET) Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) to address the Grand Challenge in Energy Conversion and Storage set out in the NNI. This report was originally released on June 24, 2004, during the Department of Energy NanoSummit. The second edition that is provided here was issued in June 2005. The world demand for energy is expected to double to 28 terawatts by the year 2050. Compounding the challenge presented by this projection is the growing need to protect our environment by increasing energy efficiency and through the development of “clean” energy sources. These are indeed global challenges, and their resolution is vital to our energy security. Recent reports on Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy Future (link) and Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen Economy (link) have recognized that scientific breakthroughs and truly revolutionary developments are demanded. Within this context, nanoscience and nanotechnology present exciting and requisite approaches to addressing these challenges. An interagency workshop to identify and articulate the relationship of nanoscale science and technology to the nation's energy future was convened on March 16-18, 2004 in Arlington, Virginia. The meeting was jointly sponsored by the Department of Energy and, through the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office, the other member agencies of the Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology Subcommittee of the Committee on Technology, National Science and Technology Council. This report is the outcome of that workshop. The workshop had 63 invited presenters with 32 from universities, 26 from national laboratories and 5 from industry. This workshop is one in a series intended to provide input from the research community on the next NNI strategic plan, which the NSTC is required to deliver to Congress on the first anniversary of the signing of the 21st Century Nanotechnology R&D Act, Dec. 3, 2003. At the root of the opportunities provided by nanoscience to impact our energy security is the fact that all the elementary steps of energy conversion (charge transfer, molecular rearrangement, chemical reactions, etc.) take place on the nanoscale. Thus, the development of new nanoscale materials, as well as the methods to characterize, manipulate, and assemble them, creates an entirely new paradigm for developing new and revolutionary energy technologies. The primary outcome of the workshop is the identification of nine research targets in energy-related science and technology in which nanoscience is expected to have the greatest impact: • Scalable methods to split water with sunlight for hydrogen production • Highly selective catalysts for clean and energy-efficient manufacturing • Harvesting of solar energy with 20 percent power efficiency and 100 times lower cost • Solid-state lighting at 50 percent of the present power consumption • Super-strong, light-weight materials to improve efficiency of cars, airplanes, etc. • Reversible hydrogen storage materials operating at ambient temperatures • Power transmission lines capable of 1 gigawatt transmission • Low-cost fuel cells, batteries, thermoelectrics, and ultra-capacitors built from nanostructured materials • Materials synthesis and energy harvesting based on the efficient and selective mechanisms of biology The report contains descriptions of many examples indicative of outcomes and expected progress in each of these research targets. For successful achievement of these research targets, participants recognized six foundational and vital crosscutting nanoscience research themes: • Catalysis by nanoscale materials • Using interfaces to manipulate energy carriers • Linking structure and function at the nanoscale • Assembly and architecture of nanoscale structures • Theory, modeling, and simulation for energy nanoscience • Scalable synthesis methods 转自 http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/abstracts.html#NREN http://d.namipan.com/d/120b483d8f1c027c2175c356948a1dfee838c6c686816600 [ Last edited by fannia on 2010-7-2 at 09:13 ] |
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