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parklyn

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[资源] 【书籍】《Nanotechnology》《Metastable Solids from Undercooled Melts》

分享是美德

都是09年的，有本书写保护了，目录就不贴上来了，感兴趣的下载了看看。给个评价啊，好不容易弄到手的。
顺便说一下，bookboon是个不错的网站
一.<>
CHAPTER 1
Introduction 3
CHAPTER 2
Experimental Approach to High Undercoolings 9
2.1.Transient and Stationary Undercooling 9
2.2.Droplet Dispersion and Emulsification Method 11
2.3.Short-and Long Drop-Tube Processing 13
2.3.1 Short Drop Tubes 13
2.3.2 Long Drop Tubes 18
2.4.Processing of Bulk Melts by Melt Fluxing 19
2.5.Containerless Processing Through Levitation 20
2.5.1 Acoustic Levitation 20
2.5.2 Levitation by Stationary Magnetic Fields 26
2.5.3 Electromagnetic Levitation 33
2.5.4 Electrostatic Levitation 42
2.6.Containerless Processing in Space 47
References 52
CHAPTER 3
Physics of Undercooled Liquids 59
3.1.Thermodynamics 59
3.2.Structural Ordering in Undercooled Melts 67
3.2.1 Models for the Short-Range Order in Undercooled Melts 68
3.2.2 Scattering Theory 76
3.2.3 Experiments on the Short-Range Order in Metallic Melts 79
3.2.4 The Short-Range Order of Liquid Si 95
3.3.Magnetic Ordering in Liquid State 97
3.4.Kinetic and Transport Properties 103
References 105CHAPTER 4
Solid–Liquid Interface 115
4.1.Structural Order at the Interface 115
4.2.Interfacial Energy Under Local Equilibrium Conditions 116
4.2.1 The Negentropic Model by Spaepen and Thompson 117
4.2.2 Investigations Using Molecular Dynamics and Density
Functional Theory 121
4.2.3 Experimental Results on the Solid–Liquid Interfacial Energy
Under Local Equilibrium Conditions 124
4.2.4 The Energy of the Interface Between Structurally Complex
Solids and their Melts 126
4.3.Diffuse Interface Theory 133
4.3.1 Physical Interpretation of the Diffuse-Interface Region 133
4.3.2 Phase-Field Models for Nucleation 136
4.3.3 Sharp Interface Versus Diffuse Interface 136
References 138
CHAPTER 5
Nucleation 145
5.1.Nucleation Theories 145
5.1.1 Homogeneous Nucleation 145
5.1.2 Heterogeneous Nucleation 152
5.1.3 Diffuse Interface Theory of Nucleation 154
5.2.Transient Nucleation 160
5.3.Statistics of Nucleation 161
5.4.Nucleation in Alloys 163
5.5.Magnetic Contributions to Crystal Nucleation 165
5.5.1 The Magnetic Contribution to the Driving Force for Crystal
Nucleation 165
5.5.2 The Magnetic Contribution to the Solid–Liquid Interfacial
Energy 167
5.6.Experimental Results on Undercooling and Nucleation 169
5.6.1 Homogeneous Versus Heterogeneous Nucleation 169
5.6.2 Nucleation in Undercooled Melts 170
5.6.3 Structural Dependence of Nucleation Behaviour 172
5.6.4 Undercooling of Magnetic Melts 180
References 189
vi ContentsContents vii
CHAPTER 6
Crystal Growth in Undercooled Melts 197
6.1.Kinetics of the Advancement of a Solid–Liquid Interface 197
6.2.Departures of Local Equilibrium 204
6.3.Stability Analysis 216
6.4.Sharp-Interface Model 227
6.4.1 Growth in a Pure System 227
6.4.2 Solidification in a Binary System 234
6.4.3 Superlattice Structures in Intermetallics 241
6.5.Phase-Field Model 244
6.6.Transition from Faceted to Non-Faceted Growth 247
6.7.Experimental Data and Model Predictions 256
6.7.1 First Experiments 256
6.7.2 Measurements on Pure Nickel 258
6.7.3 Measurements on Dilute Ni B and Ni Zr Alloys 259
6.7.4 Measurements on Intermetallic Compounds 261
6.7.5 Measurements on Semiconductors 263
6.7.6 Effect of Convective Flow and Solute Diffusion 265
6.7.7 Influence of Local Non-equilibrium on Rapid Dendritic
Growth 270
References 273
CHAPTER 7
Cooperative Growth in Undercooled Polyphase Alloys 283
7.1.Eutectic Growth Theory 283
7.2.Eutectic Morphology Transition 294
7.3.Stable and Metastable Monotectic Alloys 303
7.4.Peritectic Alloys 307
References 310
CHAPTER 8
Metastable Solid States and Phases 317
8.1.General Conditions for the Formation of Metastable Solids 317
8.2.Supersaturated Solid Solutions 320
8.3.Formation of Metastable Crystalline Phases 323
8.4.Phase Selection Through the Solidification Kinetics 3338.5.Metallic Glasses 335
8.6.Grain-Refined Materials 339
References 354
CHAPTER 9
Microstructure Selection Maps 361
9.1.Selection by Rapid Cooling 361
9.2.Selection by Undercooling 367
9.3.Selection by Droplet Size 370
References 373
CHAPTER 10
Experiments in Reduced Gravity 377
10.1.Containerless Processing in Reduced Gravity 377
10.2.Experiments in Drop Tubes 379
10.2.1 Nucleation Studies on Glass-Forming Systems 379
10.2.2 Kinetics of Phase Selection 380
10.2.3 Microstructure Development 382
10.2.4 Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation 386
10.3.Electromagnetic Processing in Reduced Gravity 389
10.3.1 Thermophysical Properties 389
10.3.1.1 Thermal Expansion 389
10.3.1.2 Electrical Resistivity 390
10.3.1.3 Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity 392
10.3.1.4 Surface Tension and Viscosity 394
10.3.2 Nucleation Investigations and Phase Selection 397
10.3.3 Measurements of Dendrite Growth Velocities 401
References 403
CHAPTER 11
Conclusions and Summary 409
viii Contents
二.<>
Introduction:
Theoretical Basis of Adaptive Algorithms with Numerous Practical Applications
Contents
1 Introduction...............................................1
1.1 What Does an Image Processing Task Look Like?...........1
1.2 Conventional Methods of Defect Recognition................3
1.2.1 Structural Analysis................................3
1.2.2 Edge-Based Segmentation with Pre-defined
Thresholds.......................................5
1.3 Adaptive Edge-Based Object Detection....................6
2 Edge Detection............................................9
2.1 Detection of an Edge....................................9
2.1.1 Single Edge.......................................10
2.1.2 Double Edge......................................21
2.1.3 Multiple Edges....................................24
2.2 Non-Linear Approximation as Edge Compensation...........27
3 Defect Detection on an Edge..............................31
3.1 Defect Recognition on a Regular Contour...................32
3.2 Defect Detection on a Dented Wheel Contour...............33
3.3 Recognition of a Defect on a Free-Form Contour.............34
3.3.1 Fundamentals on Morphological Enveloping Filtering..37
3.3.2 Defect Recognition on a Linear Edge Using
an Envelope Filter.................................43
3.3.3 Defect Recognition on a Free-Form Edge Using
an Envelope Filter.................................44
4 Defect Detection on an Inhomogeneous High-Contrast
Surface....................................................47
4.1 Defect Edge............................................47
4.2 Defect Recognition......................................50
4.2.1 Detection of Potential Defect Positions...............51
4.2.2 100%Defect Positions.............................56X Contents
4.2.3 How Many 100%Defect Positions Must a Real Defect
Have?............................................57
4.2.4 Evaluation of Detected Defects......................60
4.3 Setup of Adaptivity Parameters of the SDD Algorithm.......60
4.4 Industrial Applications...................................64
4.4.1 Surface Inspection of a Massive Metallic Part.........64
4.4.2 Surface Inspection of a Deep-Drawn Metallic Part.....65
4.4.3 Inspection of Non-Metallic Surfaces..................65
4.4.4 Position Determination of a Welded Joint............66
4.4.5 Robot-Assisted Surface Inspection...................68
5 Defect Detection on an Inhomogeneous Structured Surface 71
5.1 How to Search for a Blob?................................71
5.2 Adaptive Blob Detection.................................73
5.2.1 Adaptivity Level 1.................................74
5.2.2 Further Adaptivity Levels..........................79
5.3 Setup of Adaptivity Parameters of the ABD Algorithm.......81
5.4 Industrial Applications...................................83
5.4.1 Cell Inspection using Microscopy....................84
5.4.2 Inspection of a Cold-Rolled Strip Surface.............85
5.4.3 Inspection of a Wooden Surface.....................86
6 Defect Detection in Turbo Mode..........................93
6.1 What is the Quickest Way to Inspect a Surface?.............93
6.2 How to Optimize the Turbo Technique?....................95
7 Adaptive Edge and Defect Detection as a basis
for Automated Lumber Classification and Optimisation....99
7.1 How to Grade a Wood Cutting?...........................99
7.1.1 Boundary Conditions..............................100
7.1.2 Most Important Lumber Terms.....................100
7.2 Traditional Grading Methods.............................101
7.2.1 Defect-Related Grading............................101
7.2.2 Grading by Sound Wood Cuttings...................102
7.3 Flexible Lumber Grading.................................103
7.3.1 Adaptive Edge and Defect Detection.................104
7.3.2 Defect-Free Areas:From“Spaghetti”to“Cutting”.....104
7.3.3 Simple Lumber Classification Using only Four
Parameters.......................................106
7.3.4 The 3-Metres Principle.............................116
7.3.5 Grading of Lumber with Red Heart..................119
7.4 The System for Automatic Classification and Sorting
of Hardwood Lumber....................................123
7.4.1 Structure of the Vision system......................123
7.4.2 User Interface.....................................124Contents XI
8 Object Detection on Images Captured Using
a Special Equipment.......................................129
8.1 Evaluation of HDR Images...............................129
8.2 Evaluation of X-ray Images...............................131
9 Before an Image Processing System is Used...............135
9.1 Calibration.............................................135
9.1.1 Evaluation Parameters.............................136
9.1.2 Industrial Applications.............................141
9.2 Geometrical Calibration..................................142
9.2.1 h-Calibration.....................................144
9.2.2 l-Calibration......................................149
9.3 Smallest Detectable Objects..............................158
9.3.1 Technical Pre-Condition for Minimal Object Size......158
9.3.2 Minimum Detectable Objects in Human Perception....159
References.....................................................161
Index..........................................................165
三.<>
1.what is nanotechnology?
2.motivation for nanotechnology
3.scaling laws
4.Nanometrology
...
10.Implications of nanotechnology

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[ Last edited by 梅若鸣 on 2010-1-17 at 21:27 ]

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