| 查看: 519 | 回复: 7 | |||
| 当前主题已经存档。 | |||
| 当前只显示满足指定条件的回帖，点击这里查看本话题的所有回帖 | |||
[交流]
翻译求助
|
|||
|
kosmotrope 的意思是什么？ 我猜大概是离液剂的反义词。 |
回复此楼» 猜你喜欢
有多少人是今天查系统知道结果的？
已经有19人回复
-
有没有仍没收到信息的
已经有7人回复
-
国社科又开始会评了，不知道这次命运如何
已经有4人回复
-
售SCI文章，我:8O5.5.1.O.54,科目齐全,可+急
已经有8人回复
-
售SCI文章，我:8O5.5.1.O.54,科目齐全,可+急
已经有7人回复
-
售SCI一区T0P文章，我:8O.55.1.O.54,科目全,可伽急
已经有8人回复
-
售SCI文章，我:8O.5.5.1O.54,科目全,可十急
已经有8人回复
-
售SCI一区T0P文章，我:8.O.55.1.O54,科目全,可伽急
已经有8人回复
-
售SCI一区文章，我:8.O.551.O.5.4,科目全,可伽急
已经有5人回复
-
找导师
已经有6人回复
206206206206
新虫 (正式写手)
- 博学EPI: 2
- 应助: 0 (幼儿园)
- 金币: 86.2
- 散金: 570
- 帖子: 407
- 在线: 9.5小时
- 虫号: 492025
- 注册: 2008-01-07
- 专业: 生物化工
3楼2010-01-08 12:02:47
leonumn
铁杆木虫 (著名写手)
- 博学EPI: 2
- 应助: 2 (幼儿园)
- 金币: 23565.4
- 散金: 81
- 红花: 2
- 帖子: 1935
- 在线: 204.3小时
- 虫号: 414915
- 注册: 2007-06-28
- 性别: GG
- 专业: 合成药物化学
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
天下为公5592(金币+4,VIP+0): 1-8 13:50
天下为公5592(金币+1,VIP+0): 1-11 19:07
天下为公5592(金币+4,VIP+0): 1-8 13:50
天下为公5592(金币+1,VIP+0): 1-11 19:07
|
Definitions of kosmotropes and chaotropes The terms 'kosmotrope' (order-maker) and 'chaotrope' (disorder-maker) originally denoted solutes that stabilized, or destabilized respectively, proteins and membranes; thus chaotropes unfold proteins, destabilize hydrophobic aggregates and increase the solubility of hydrophobes whereas kosmotropes stabilize proteins and hydrophobic aggregates in solution and reduce the solubility of hydrophobes. Later these terms referred to the apparently correlating property of increasing, or decreasing respectively, the structuring of water (a recent review of structure-making and structure-breaking ions has been presented [1567]). Although useful, the terminology may sometimes be misleading as such properties may vary dependent on the circumstances, method of determination or the solvation shell(s) investigated. For example a solute may not always act in the same way at different concentrations or in the presence of macromolecules or gels [276]. Also some solutes with less well-defined properties (for example, urea) are sometimes classified as kosmotropes [276] and sometimes as chaotropes [283]. An alternative term used for kosmotrope is 'compensatory solute' as they have been found to compensate for the deleterious effects of high salt contents (which destroy the natural hydrogen bonded network of water) in osmotically stressed cells, but again behavior as a kosmotrope in one system does not mean that a solute may behave as a 'compensatory solute' in another or even that it will stabilize the structuring of water in a third. Both the extent and strength of hydrogen bonding may be changed independently by the solute but either of these may be, and has been, used as measures of order making. It is, however, the effects on the extent of quality hydrogen bonding that is of overriding importance as true kosmotropes shift the local equilibrium less dense water (for example, ES) more dense water (for example, CS) to the left and chaotropes shift it to the right. The ordering effects of kosmotropes may be confused by their diffusional rotation, which creates more extensive disorganized junction zones of greater disorder with the surrounding bulk water than less hydrated chaotropes. It seems clear that most kosmotropes do not cause a large scale net structuring in water [595]. |
2楼2010-01-08 12:02:43
4楼2010-01-08 12:13:21
7楼2010-01-08 13:55:38
