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小木虫论坛-学术科研互动平台 » 化学化工区 » 无机/物化 » 请教:氯化氢的制备及纯化
汕头大学海洋科学接受调剂
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wuhuajiang

捐助贵宾 (著名写手)

单身家族之lucky
实验做了,效果还可以
用的是NaCl和浓硫酸这种方法
只是这方面的仪器不是很多啊,还要用到橡胶塞,反正东西是东拼西凑起来的
实验过程中发生密闭性不好啊,我师兄就用凡事林上!
呵呵,还是比较顺利
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11楼2005-12-04 16:53:12
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yanzi

铁杆木虫 (正式写手)
实验室制备HCl，少量的用浓盐酸与浓硫酸反应即可，节约时间，又方便，我做过的；量大的话用浓硫酸与氯化钠反应制备，干燥当然用浓硫酸，经济，效果又好。
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12楼2005-12-04 20:07:05
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ermopi

金虫 (正式写手)
我平时就是用浓硫酸滴加在浓盐酸中,效果不错,注意防止倒吸.浓硫酸用恒压漏斗盛,下面接锥形瓶,用磁力搅拌器搅拌,气体通过浓硫酸干燥,通入反应器中.我就是这么做的,还没发现有什么问题.
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一切随缘吧！
13楼2005-12-04 21:31:38
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三叶虫

0.25

★
huyuchem(金币+1):鼓励
H2SO4 + NaCl => HCl(g) + NaHSO4

(The reaction of sodium bi-sulfate and table salt to produce hydrogen chloride only takes place at elevated temperature (+250篊).) Hive Bees fervently defend this method of dripping sulfuric acid over table salt, yet it is inferior to the recommended method for these reasons:

The salt/sodium bi-sulfate cake in the bottom of the reactor cannot be stirred using a magnetic stirrer, and it can be seen that even with overhead stirring (using a seal) the cake cannot be easily stirred, and without stirring the reaction is slow and yield is much less than theoretical.
The production of HCl(g) cannot be controlled by controlling addition of sulfuric acid, since sulfuric acid builds up around the salt cake and reacts independently of the dripping.
The salt/sodium bi-sulfate cake cannot be removed from the reactor without taking the apparatus apart, which fills the area with HCl vapor as a result. Therefore, rapid unload and reload is not possible, limiting the amount of hydrogen chloride that can be produced in a day.
The salt/sodium bi-sulfate cake does not easily come out of the reactor, but requires washing with hot water and shaking to dislodge. Producing 3 to 10 kilograms of HCl(g) using this method and a 5L reactor would take substantial effort and time and would release an undesirable amount of HCL vapor into the work area, compared to the recommended method. Overall this method is inferior.
A third method is heating table salt and sodium bisulphate. The reaction mechanism is:

NaCl(s) + NaHSO4(s) + delta temp. => HCl(g) + Na2SO4(s)

This method is also inferior for the following reasons:

The temperature in the reactor must reach +250篊 for the reaction to commence. Microwaves has been used.
Although stirring is not required, because the two powders are mixed before charging the reactor, the yield is much less than theoretical because the two compounds can never come into intimate contact.
A very hard cake of salt/sodium sulphate remains in the reactor after cooling. This cake can only be removed with copious amounts of hot water and much shaking and cursing. Time is wasted while heating the mix, time is wasted while waiting for it to cool down, time is wasted removing the cake from the reactor. Impossible for larger scale production.
A fourth method is boiling muriatic acid. The idea is to reduce the solubility product of HCl in water by boiling muriatic acid. However, hydrogen chloride forms a constant boiling mixture with water, such that a great deal of water vapor comes over with the HCl and quickly dilutes the sulfuric acid bubbler. Yield is unacceptable compared to any of the above reactions. Although the reactor can be pumped or siphoned out and reloaded, the remaining liquid still contains substantial amounts of HCl which even cooled and poured into water releases HCl vapor into the work area, very unpleasant to handle, and not something to pour down the drain since it is highly corrosive. An inferior method and not recommended at all.
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14楼2005-12-04 22:20:56
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hzhhc

至尊木虫 (知名作家)

小木虫九品芝麻官

优秀版主
我平时用浓硫酸滴加在浓盐酸+NaCl(或者氯化铵）中,气体通过浓硫酸干燥,通入反应器中.能产生大量HCl.
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15楼2005-12-05 00:46:43
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qingquan837

金虫 (正式写手)

0.25

看来大家高中化学知识比较缺乏。想过用无水氯化钙干燥管么或者五氧化二磷么（实验室制备）
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16楼2005-12-05 09:44:31
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glyoxylate

木虫 (著名写手)
hehe
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17楼2006-08-27 23:18:13
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zhchsh789

工业上将30%盐酸脱析.氯化氢气再次溶于纯水中,可达食品级.但达不到电子级.
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18楼2006-09-04 10:04:49
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