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小木虫论坛-学术科研互动平台 » 材料区 » 生物材料 » 综合其他 » 【资源】生物材料领域重要综述
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lrj9987

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[资源] 【资源】生物材料领域重要综述

近年来生物材料领域很经典的综述。
欢迎下载，评价
http://d.namipan.com/d/f0c0fa320 ... 3c086c291f6cf83c901
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1楼 2009-06-27 11:08:53
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10楼2009-07-02 09:21:50
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zhangwj

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200多页的超过25M的综述，本版有人共享过。

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Biological materials: Structure and mechanical properties
Marc André Meyers, a, , Po-Yu Chena, Albert Yu-Min Lina and Yasuaki Sekia

aMaterials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States


Available online 18 May 2007.

Abstract
Most natural (or biological) materials are complex composites whose mechanical properties are often outstanding, considering the weak constituents from which they are assembled. These complex structures, which have risen from hundreds of million years of evolution, are inspiring Materials Scientists in the design of novel materials.

Their defining characteristics, hierarchy, multifunctionality, and self-healing capability, are illustrated. Self-organization is also a fundamental feature of many biological materials and the manner by which the structures are assembled from the molecular level up. The basic building blocks are described, starting with the 20 amino acids and proceeding to polypeptides, polysaccharides, and polypeptides–saccharides. These, on their turn, compose the basic proteins, which are the primary constituents of ‘soft tissues’ and are also present in most biominerals. There are over 1000 proteins, and we describe only the principal ones, with emphasis on collagen, chitin, keratin, and elastin. The ‘hard’ phases are primarily strengthened by minerals, which nucleate and grow in a biomediated environment that determines the size, shape and distribution of individual crystals. The most important mineral phases are discussed: hydroxyapatite, silica, and aragonite.

Using the classification of Wegst and Ashby, the principal mechanical characteristics and structures of biological ceramics, polymer composites, elastomers, and cellular materials are presented. Selected systems in each class are described with emphasis on the relationship between their structure and mechanical response. A fifth class is added to this: functional biological materials, which have a structure developed for a specific function: adhesion, optical properties, etc.

An outgrowth of this effort is the search for bioinspired materials and structures. Traditional approaches focus on design methodologies of biological materials using conventional synthetic materials. The new frontiers reside in the synthesis of bioinspired materials through processes that are characteristic of biological systems; these involve nanoscale self-assembly of the components and the development of hierarchical structures. Although this approach is still in its infancy, it will eventually lead to a plethora of new materials systems as we elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of growth and the structure of biological systems.

Article Outline
1. Introduction and basic overview of mechanical properties
2. Hierarchical organization of structure
3. Multifunctionality and self-healing
4. Self-organization and self-assembly
5. Basic building blocks (nano and microstructure of biological materials)
5.1. Molecular units
5.2. Biominerals
5.2.1. Biomineralization
5.2.2. Nucleation
5.2.3. Morphology
5.3. Proteins (polypeptides)
5.3.1. Collagen
5.3.2. Keratin
5.3.3. Actin and myosin
5.3.4. Elastin
5.3.5. Resilin and abductin
5.3.6. Other proteins
5.4. Polysaccharides
5.4.1. Chitin
5.4.2. Cellulose
6. Biological ceramics and ceramic composites
6.1. Sponge spicules
6.2. Shells
6.2.1. Nacreous shells
6.2.1.1. Growth of abalone (Haliotis rufescens) nacre
6.2.1.2. Mechanical properties of abalone nacre
6.2.2. Conch (Strombus gigas) shell
6.2.3. Giant clam (Tridacna gigas)
6.3. Shrimp hammer
6.4. Marine worm teeth
6.5. Bone
6.5.1. Structure
6.5.2. Elastic properties
6.5.3. Strength
6.5.4. Fracture and fracture toughness of bone
6.6. Teeth
6.6.1. Structure and properties
6.6.2. Growth and hierarchical structure of elephant tusk
6.7. Nano-scale effects in biological materials
6.8. Multi-scale effects
7. Biological polymers and polymer composites
7.1. Ligaments
7.2. Silk
7.3. Arthropod exoskeletons
7.4. Keratin-based materials: hoof and horn
8. Biological elastomers
8.1. Skin
8.2. Muscle
8.3. Blood vessels
8.3.1. Non-linear elasticity
8.3.2. Residual stresses
8.4. Mussel byssus
8.5. Cells
8.5.1. Structure and mechanical properties
8.5.2. Mechanical testing
8.5.3. Cell motility, locomotion, and adhesion
9. Biological cellular materials
9.1. Basic equations
9.2. Wood
9.3. Beak interior
9.3.1. Toucan and hornbill beaks
9.3.2. Modeling of interior foam (Gibson–Ashby constitutive equations)
9.4. Feather
10. Functional biological materials
10.1. Gecko feet and other biological attachment devices
10.2. Structural colors
10.2.1. Photonic crystal arrays
10.2.2. Thin film interference
10.3. Chameleon
11. Bioinspired materials
11.1. Traditional biomimetics
11.1.1. Aerospace materials
11.1.2. Building designs
11.1.3. Fiber optics and micro-lenses
11.1.4. Manufacturing
11.1.5. Water collection
11.1.6. Velcro
11.1.7. Gecko feet
11.1.8. Abalone
11.1.9. Marine adhesives
11.2. Molecular-based biomimetics
12. Summary and conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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3楼2009-06-27 12:37:55
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5楼2009-06-30 11:41:31
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lrj9987

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6楼2009-07-01 11:53:17
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