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[资源] 【SSSC-76】Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Science and Technology

Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Science and Technology
By John S. Magee, Maurice M., Jr. Mitchell

(July 1, 1993)

Publisher: Elsevier Publishing Company
Number Of Pages: 624
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0444890378
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780444890375
Preface
According to the table of contents, Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Science &
Technology, is concerned with fifteen different, though related, topics. While this
is true, the reader is encouraged to consider the primary focus of the book as a
whole to be on performance--performance of the catalyst, of its surface, of the
FCC unit, of the feedstocks employed, of the analytical methods used to
characterize the catalysts, and of environmentally directed regulations that govern
the production of transportation fuels from petroleum.
The authors and the editors have tried to produce a volume that will fill the
need for a comprehensive survey of this major field of petroleum processing while
maintaining a high level of thoughtful brevity. Thoughtful brevity is one of those
things that is difficult to define, but anyone who has sat through a thirty-minute
sermon or read a 100 page final report knows what it is.
The subject matter of the book is intended to deal with several important
performance issues:
What does the catalyst itself do as a function of its chemical and physical
composition?
How does molecular structure influence performance?
How7 do metal contaminants influence performance?
How does the FCC unit itself influence performance?
How will environmental legislation influence the way the overall catalyst
and cracking unit system must perform?
The emphasis on catalyst performance, particularly commercial performance,
essentially dictated that the chapter authors be experienced industrial catalytic
chemists and engineers. However, each author approached the task with a clearcut
obligation to connect the roots of the science of FCC catalysis with the
technology.
In the case of FCC catalysis, the basic foundation was formed from virtually
equal parts of pure science and practical technology, with an enormous sense of
urgency caused by the transportation fuel needs of World War 11. Pure research
in FCC catalysis was not neglected, and the pioneering work of Eugene Houdry,
Paul Emmett, and Paul Weiss, to name but a few, broadened the base on which
the industry was built. Evolutionary changes were followed by the revolution of
zeolite-containing FCC catalysts. For this we all owe a debt to Charles Plank and
Edward Rosinski.
The editors have chosen to document the revolution to date with fifteen
chapters of FCC science and technology. As stated before, each author was
charged with the task of documenting FCC catalyst performance from the
standpoint of both the science and the technology involved in performance. We
feel that performance is so important that we have included two chapters and part
of a third on catalyst evaluation. Each offers a somewhat different viewpoint on
how catalyst performance should be evaluated in the laboratory. In our opinion
all three offer enough value to be considered equally by any serious worker
striving to understand how a catalyst can be made to perform in the laboratory in
a manner predictive of its commercial operation.
It is also very clear today that the environmental impact of the use of fossil
fuels in the transportation sector can have a profound effect on FCC catalysis.
Superficially, there seems little connection to the actual science of FCC catalysis,
but, as an example, an entire supporting industry has grown based on the
catalytic oxidation of CO to C02 and the catalytic elimination of oxides of sulfur
and nitrogen from stack gases from the FCC unit regenerator.
Two chapters deal with the relationship of FCC catalysis and the real world of
cars, planes, and plastics: Chapter 11 on FCC unit design and operational control,
and Chapter 12 on the influences of the structural formula of the hydrocarbon
being cracked and cracked-product molecular structure.
The science of FCC catalysis is amply treated in Chapters 2,3,5, and 6. Here
the nature of catalytic sites, their influence on catalyst performance, the structure
and complexity involved with the zeolite component of the catalyst, and the
instrumental techniques involved in surface and structural analysis are described.
As is always the case, and justly so, we would add that the editors are pleased
to acknowledge the many people who contributed time, effort, and above all,
thought, to this project:
The authors--in reality the book is theirs.
The publishers-their approach to the hundreds of small and large problems in
putting these pages between covers was always both professional and
understanding.
The critics--our wives, Niki and Marilyn, who encouraged us to complete the
project; Dr. G. M. Woltermann, who critically read the text; and Drs. Anonymous,
the authors’ peers, who reviewed all of the chapters. These latter catalyst
professionals know who they are and rightly deserve the high esteem in which
they are held by J.S.M. and M.M.M., Jr.
John S. Magee
Ellicott City, Maryland
Maurice M. Mitchell, Jr.
Ashland, Kentucky
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