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/* UDF used to calculate the forced convection between the bare absorber tube and the air around it.*/

#include "udf.h"

#define D_outer 0.07
#define temp_air 293.15
#define speed_air 3

/**************declaration of the functions***************************/
real dry_air_density(real temp);
real dry_air_specific_heat(real temp);
real dry_air_thermal_conductivity(real temp);
real dry_air_dynamic_viscosity(real temp);

/*thread is a pointer to the face's thread, and position is a numerical lbael for the variable
  being set within each loop*/
DEFINE_PROFILE(forced_convection_air_abs, thread, position)
{
    real mu_outer, lambda_outer, Cp_outer, rho_outer, mu_air, lambda_air, Cp_air, rho_air, v_air;
    /*transitional parameters*/
    real nu_outer, nu_air, alpha_outer, alpha_air, Re_outer, Pr_outer, Pr_air;
    /*coefficients of Zhukausas's correlation*/
    real m, n, C;
    real temp_outer;/*temperature of the outerer absorber tube*/
    real Nu_outer_air, h_outer_air;    /*Nusselt number to calculate forced heat transfer coefficient*/
    face_t f;
    begin_f_loop(f,thread)
    {
        temp_outer=F_T(f,thread);
        /*the process to obtain the property value of the air*/
        /*Via the linear fitting method, we can obtain the expression of the properties of the air
        varying with the temperature, temperature ranges from 20 Celsius to 400 Celsius*/
        mu_outer=dry_air_dynamic_viscosity(temp_outer);
        mu_air=dry_air_dynamic_viscosity(temp_air);
        lambda_outer=dry_air_thermal_conductivity(temp_outer);
        lambda_air=dry_air_thermal_conductivity(temp_air);
        Cp_outer=dry_air_specific_heat(temp_outer);
        Cp_air=dry_air_specific_heat(temp_air);
        rho_outer=dry_air_density(temp_outer);
        rho_air=dry_air_density(temp_air);

        nu_air=mu_air/rho_air;
        nu_outer=mu_outer/rho_outer;
        alpha_air=lambda_air/(Cp_air*rho_air);/* make sure that the unit of the parameters is international*/
        alpha_outer=lambda_outer/(Cp_outer*rho_outer);
        Re_outer=speed_air*D_outer/alpha_air;   /*the Reynold number of flowing air*/
        Pr_outer=nu_outer/alpha_outer;
        Pr_air=nu_air/alpha_air;

        /*if Re_outer is used outer of range, print warning information on the screen*/
        /**********waiting to complete********************/
            /*if Pr_air is used outer of range, print warning information on the screen*/
        /**********waiting to complete********************/
        /*coefficients for external forced convection Nusselt Number correlation(Zhukausas's correlation)*/
        if(Pr_air<=10)
            n=0.37;
        else
            n=0.36;

        if(Re_outer<40)
        {
            C=0.75;
            m=0.4;
        }
        else if(Re_outer>=40 && Re_outer<1000)
        {
            C=0.51;
            m=0.5;
        }
        else if(Re_outer>=1000 && Re_outer<2e5)
        {
            C=0.26;
            m=0.6;
        }
        else if(Re_outer>=2e5 && Re_outer<1e6)
        {
            C=0.076;
            m=0.7;
        }
        else
            printf("the Reynold number is out of the suitable range, the result may not be accurate!!\n";

        /*Zhukauskas's correlation for external forced convection flow normal to an isothermal cylinder */
        Nu_outer_air=C*pow(Re_outer,m)*pow(Pr_air,n)*pow(Pr_air/Pr_outer,1/4);
        F_PROFILE(f,thread,position)=Nu_outer_air*lambda_air/D_outer;
    }
    end_f_loop(f,thread)
}

/*declaration of the function calculating the dry air density*/
real dry_air_density(real temp)
{
    real rho;
    if(temp>=273.15 && temp<=673.15)
        rho=3.60759e-6*temp*temp-0.00532*temp+2.44735;
    else
        printf("the temperature is out of range, the result may not be accurate!!\n";
    return rho;
}

/*declaration of the function calculating the dry air specific heat*/
real dry_air_specific_heat(real temp)
{
    real Cp;
    if(temp>=273.15 && temp<=673.15)
        Cp=-8.23356e-10*pow(temp,3)+1.51078e-6*temp*temp-6.80959e-4*temp+1.09594;
    else
        printf("the temperature is out of range, the result may not be accurate!!\n";
    return Cp;
}

/*declaration of the function calculating the dry air thermal conductivity*/
real dry_air_thermal_conductivity(real temp)
{
    real lambda;
    if(temp>=273.15 && temp<=673.15)
        lambda=-2.74554e-6*temp*temp-0.00952*temp+0.03672;
    else
        printf("the temperature is out of range, the result may not be accurate!!\n";
    return lambda;
}

/*declaration of the function calculating the dry air dynamic viscosity*/
real dry_air_dynamic_viscosity(real temp)
{
    real mu;
    if(temp>=273.15 && temp<=673.15)
        mu=-2.0294e-5*temp*temp+0.05877*temp+2.72007;
    else
        printf("the temperature is out of range, the result may not be accurate!!\n";
    return mu;
}
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