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ÊéÃûMaterials Design Inspired by Nature
×÷ÕßHans-Jo¡§ rg Schneider, Saarland University, Germany
Mohsen Shahinpoor, University of Maine,
Ò³Êý420
³ö°æÉç RSC PRESS
ISBN: 978-1-84973-553-7
ISSN: 2046-0066
Chapter 1 Architectured Materials: An Alternative to Microstructure
Control for Structural Materials Design? A Possible
Playground for Bio-inspiration? 1
Yves J. M. Bre¡ächet
1.1 Introduction: Materials, Structure and Between 1
1.2 Examples of Engineering Architectured Materials 5
1.2.1 An Acoustic Absorber 5
1.2.2 A Radiant Burner 7
1.3 The Case for Bio-inspired Architectured Materials 9
1.4 Examples of Bio-inspiration 10
1.4.1 Challenge 1: Combine Strength, Ductility and
Toughness 11
1.4.2 Challenge 2: Design a Stiff Sandwich Structure
which can be Stamped and still Absorb
Vibrations, while being Easy to Weld 11
1.4.3 Challenge 3: Design a High-temperature
Material that is both Flexible and Damage
Tolerant 12
1.5 The Stumbling Block: Processes 13
1.6 Conclusions 15
Acknowledgement 15
References 15
Chapter 2 Bone Structural Adaptation and Wolff¡¯s Law 17
Bettina Willie, Georg N. Duda and Richard Weinkamer
2.1 Introduction 17
RSC Smart Materials No. 4
Materials Design Inspired by Nature: Function through Inner Architecture
Edited by Peter Fratzl, John W. C. Dunlop and Richard Weinkamer
r The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013
Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, www.rsc.org
ix
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Published on 24 May 2013 on http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/9781849737555-FP009
2.2 Mechano Transduction in Bone 20
2.2.1 Bone (Re)Modelling and the Effector Cell
Response 20
2.2.2 Mechanical¨CBiochemical Coupling 21
2.2.3 Signal Transmission 22
2.3 The Mechanical Loading of Bone in the Living
Organism 25
2.4 The Structural Response of Bone: Controlled Animal
Experiments 28
2.5 In Silico Experiments of the Control of
Bone Remodelling 31
2.6 The Inversion of Wolff¡¯s Law: Conclusions on
Locomotor Behaviour 34
2.7 Conclusions and Outlook 35
Acknowledgements 36
References 37
Chapter 3 Understanding Hierarchy and Functions of Bone Using
Scanning X-ray Scattering Methods 46
Wolfgang Wagermaier, Aurelien Gourrier and
Barbara Aichmayer
3.1 Introduction 46
3.1.1 Motivation and Objective 46
3.1.2 X-ray Scattering Applied to the Study of
Biological Materials 47
3.1.3 Bone as a Model for a Hierarchically
Structured Material 48
3.2 Bone Materials at the Nanoscale 49
3.2.1 Basic Principles of X-ray Scattering 49
3.2.2 Nanocrystal Structure in Bone: WAXS 50
3.2.3 Mineral Particle Size and Organization in the
Collagen Matrix: SAXS 52
3.2.4 SAXS and WAXS of Precursor Phases Found
in Bone 56
3.3 Understanding Specific Bone Functions by
Investigating the Nanostructure in Combination with
other Methods 57
3.3.1 Multi-Scale and Multi-physics Approach 57
3.3.2 Combining X-ray Scattering and Mechanical
Testing 59
3.4 Revealing the Nanoscale Properties of Bone Tissues
and Organs: Scanning SAXS/WAXS Imaging 61
3.4.1 Probing Hierarchy by Scanning 61
x Contents
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Published on 24 May 2013 on http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/9781849737555-FP009
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