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Biometrics referred as the automatic identification of a person based on his physiological or behavioral characteristics. It is based on the unique quality which a person has. This kind of system is more reliable and has a higher discrimination capability than the traditional token-based or knowledge-based approaches, because the physiological or behavioral characteristics are unique to each user. Over 10 different biometric techniques are used now a days. Every biometric technique has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of the accuracy, user acceptance, and applicability. The biometric traits can be divided into two major parts: physiological and behavioral as follows. • Physiological: These traits are based on the shape or composition of body such as finger print [2] [3] [4], palm print [5] [6], hand geometry, face [7], retina [8] [4], iris [9], DNA [10], ECG or heart waves [11] and ear biometric [12] [13] [14]. They are high in accuracy and considered highly persistent. • Behavioral: These properties are based on the behavior of a person such as voice [15] [16], gait [17] and gesture. They are less persistent in nature. Table V-A shows the comparison in terms of accuracy and ease of use of the various traits. Biometric techniques could also be divided on the basis of their uniqueness as soft and hard biometrics. Huge demand of biometric applications arises the need of more unique identification techniques which are cost effective and user friendly. Footprint biometrics is also considered to be unique biometric authentication technique and has proved its uniqueness [4]. We can apply foot biometrics at those places where people inherently remove their shoes, such as holy places. These places have strong foot fall and high risk security due to chaotic crowd. Most of the robbery, theft, terrorist attacks, are happening at these places. A brief description is given below. • Person Identification: As [18] Uniqueness, permanence can be checked for human identification. • At holy places: Being a symbol of reverence and architectural heritage people offer huge offering to god. Which goes to the temple property and that needed to be protected. Stolen diamond crown from the idol while dressing is one such example. These places are also loaded with people which makes it an easy target for chaotic. Foot print identification could also be installed at famous monuments like Taj Mahal. Foot print could work as an additional security measure. Now a days people are asked to remove their shoes before entering to Church for security checks in Italy and Rome also. This has been done to protect the carpet from being dirty and damaged. It is also feared that shoes could pick up toxins and might harm their children. • Newborn identification:For preventing baby swaps and lost, footprint and fingerprint could be stored with the identity of mother. In some Islamic land unlike Muslims Jewish people also have the custom to remove their shoes before entering to the synagogue. |
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